How Do Some Cells Become Brain Cells

The rest of the genes are repressed or turned off.

All cells in a multi cellular organisms have the same dna the reason they have different morphologies is because they express. The process of turning genes on and off is known as gene regulation. But once differentiated or established these cells are stimulus independent. In order for this to happen some of the genes encoded in their dna are expressed more upregulated activated or switched on relative to others which are downregulated deactivated or switched off.

Then a protein called the transcription. Cell differentiation is a stable phenomenon. The reason why your skin cells look like skin and not like brain or eye cells is because those cells are expressing only those genes that encode for proteins relevant to a cell s function the other genes are still present in the dna but the machinery that reads dna and turn it into protein decides to ignore everything else not relevant to a skin cell. In cell specialization differentiation specific cell functions are due to specific genes being turned on to perform those specific functions.

An embryo has many cells which change to become specialized. Gene regulation is an important part of normal development. Www ghr nlm nih gov the first way our genes get the big red or green light is through gene transcription. Liver cells become liver cells.

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Neurons are born in areas of the brain that are rich in concentrations of neural precursor cells also called neural stem cells. Each cell expresses or turns on only a fraction of its genes. These cells have the potential to generate most if not all of the different types of neurons and glia found in the brain. When each cell specializes in a certain task.

Differentiation is induced by specific stimuli. Take the example of neurons once differentiated persist throughout lifetime. Some cells make fingernails others become blood cells brain cells kidney cells etc.